Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), also known as enlarged prostate, is a common condition affecting millions of men worldwide especially the ones above 50 years.
It’s a non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland that can cause uncomfortable symptoms and impact daily life.
What is BPH?
BPH is a natural aging process where the prostate gland grows and expands, squeezing the urethra and affecting urine flow. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, and its enlargement can obstruct urine passage.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of BPH is unknown, several factors contribute to its development:
1. Aging: Risk increases after 50 years.
2. Family history: Having a close relative with BPH.
3. Obesity.
4. Diabetes.
5. Heart disease.
6. Sedentary lifestyle.
7. Certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers).
Symptoms
BPH symptoms vary in severity and may include:
1. Urinary frequency.
2. Urgency.
3. Weak or interrupted flow.
4. Straining to urinate.
5. Nocturia (frequent nighttime urination).
6. Blood in urine or semen.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing BPH involves:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Physician examines prostate texture and size.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test: Measures prostate enzyme levels.
3. Ultrasound: Evaluates prostate size and shape.
4. Urodynamic tests: Assesses urinary flow and pressure.
5. Cystoscopy: Visual examination of bladder and urethra.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on symptom severity and patient health.
Conservative Management
1. Lifestyle modifications:
– Regular exercise.
– Healthy diet.
– Weight management.
– Stress reduction.
2. Medications:
– Alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin).
– 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride).
Surgical Options
1. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP).
2. Laser surgery (e.g., GreenLight).
3. Open prostatectomy.
4. Minimally invasive procedures (e.g., UroLift).
Alternative Therapies
1. Herbal supplements (e.g., saw palmetto, Selenium, Beta sitosterol, Soy isoflavones).
2. Acupuncture.
3. Naturopathic medicine.
Complications
Untreated BPH can lead to:
1. Urinary retention.
2. Bladder damage.
3. Kidney damage.
4. Prostate infections.
5. Bladder stones.
Prevention
Maintain a healthy lifestyle:
1. Regular exercise.
2. Balanced diet.
3. Weight management.
4. Stress reduction.
5. Regular check-ups.
Conclusion
BPH is a common condition affecting men’s quality of life. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage the condition effectively. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.
Additional Resources
– American Urological Association (AUA)
– National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
– Mayo Clinic
By Olamide Edet
